--William J. Smyth, Toronto, the Belfast of Canada: The Orange Order and the Shaping of Municipal Culture (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015), 119.
Saturday, August 25, 2018
Toronto's Orange-Dominated Politics
Toronto, with its Orange-dominated politics, was probably the closest Canadian equivalent of the machine politics of American cities. The peak period of Orange power in Toronto (1860– 1930) is remarkably coterminous with that of Tammany Hall in New York, and in their patterns of patronage distribution there were many similarities between the two organizations.
--William J. Smyth, Toronto, the Belfast of Canada: The Orange Order and the Shaping of Municipal Culture (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015), 119.
--William J. Smyth, Toronto, the Belfast of Canada: The Orange Order and the Shaping of Municipal Culture (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015), 119.
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