Niagara Was the Confederate Headquarters in Canada

The last of the Confederate Niagara exiles to return was also one of the first--Jubal Early. He remained in Canada until the spring of 1869 as the last and least reconstructed of the Confederates. His burning of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania had darkened his name in the U.S., and he did not deem it safe to return until after a great deal of dust had settled. And so, as Kirby puts it, for the exiled Confederates "Niagara was, in a sense ... their headquarters in Canada. They were welcomed and kindly treated by the townspeople until they finally one after the other, bade us adieu and returned to their ravaged houses and estates in the South."

--Nicholas Rescher, Niagara-on-the-Lake as a Confederate Refuge, 1866-1869 (Fox Chapel, PA: NAP Publications, 2003), 15-16.